Fish farming or aquaculture is a growing industry full of opportunities due to the increased demand for fish as a source of important nutrients for healthy living. A small scale fish farm is relatively easy to establish since the requirements are minimal and the start-up costs are not overwhelming. A feasibility report analyzes an intended project in terms of its viability, start-up costs and profitability. An ideal small scale fish farming feasibility report should include the following steps.
Step 1
Introduction. The introduction part of the feasibility report should outline the importance and the advantages of small scale fish farming. Explain your project fully in this section. Outline briefly how the project will be rolled out, how you plan to benefit from the project and the processes that will be involved. Basically it is a summary of the small scale fish farming project.
Step 2
Description of the project. In this section, clearly outline the project's location, the environment surrounding it and the availability of the resources required to start a small scale fish farm. Highlight the project's mission and vision. Business goals and the objectives should also be included. Also include a brief history of the project and what motivated you to start the fish farm.
Step 3
Market description. Describe the type of industry you will be operating in, whether you will be selling your products as a wholesaler or a retailer. Identify your target market and how you plan to penetrate that market. Outline the marketing strategies you will employ to market your fish.
Step 4
Description of your products. Highlight different species of fish that you will be rearing. Describe how you selected those species. Explain the pricing of your products and the competitive edge your fish products have over other products in the market.
Step 5
Organization plan Outline the legal structure under which the small scale fish farm will operate, whether it will be a sole proprietorship, partnership or a limited liability company. Identify the type of permits and licenses that will be required for the project. Explain the number of staff and their qualifications that will be necessary to successfully run the fish farm. Outline how they will be organized in terms of duties and responsibilities.
Step 6
Marketing plan. Illustrate how you plan to conduct your market research to identify how you will segment your market and how you plan to satisfy each market segment. Market segmentation entails identifying the different portions of the market that are different from one another in terms of lifestyle, income levels, location and spending habits. Explain the strategies that will be used in the sale and distribution of your fish to each market segment to satisfy their unique needs. Also include the strategies you will employ to effectively compete with your competitors in the market.
Step 7
Financial management. Identify the intended sources of capital for your fish farm and how you plan to use this capital in your venture. Outline how the profits will be used to enhance the fish farm and the measures that will be put in place to prevent or reduce losses. In this step you should also be able to show the projected cash flow statement, income statement and the balance sheet statement for the next 12 months.
Step 8
Conclusion Give your recommendations and conclusion in this section on the viability of the small scale fish farm.
Thursday, August 18, 2011
How to Write a Feasibility Report on Starting a Small Scale Fish Farm
Fish farming or aquaculture is a growing industry full of opportunities due to the increased demand for fish as a source of important nutrients for healthy living. A small scale fish farm is relatively easy to establish since the requirements are minimal and the start-up costs are not overwhelming. A feasibility report analyzes an intended project in terms of its viability, start-up costs and profitability. An ideal small scale fish farming feasibility report should include the following steps.
Step 1
Introduction. The introduction part of the feasibility report should outline the importance and the advantages of small scale fish farming. Explain your project fully in this section. Outline briefly how the project will be rolled out, how you plan to benefit from the project and the processes that will be involved. Basically it is a summary of the small scale fish farming project.
Step 2
Description of the project. In this section, clearly outline the project's location, the environment surrounding it and the availability of the resources required to start a small scale fish farm. Highlight the project's mission and vision. Business goals and the objectives should also be included. Also include a brief history of the project and what motivated you to start the fish farm.
Step 3
Market description. Describe the type of industry you will be operating in, whether you will be selling your products as a wholesaler or a retailer. Identify your target market and how you plan to penetrate that market. Outline the marketing strategies you will employ to market your fish.
Step 4
Description of your products. Highlight different species of fish that you will be rearing. Describe how you selected those species. Explain the pricing of your products and the competitive edge your fish products have over other products in the market.
Step 5
Organization plan Outline the legal structure under which the small scale fish farm will operate, whether it will be a sole proprietorship, partnership or a limited liability company. Identify the type of permits and licenses that will be required for the project. Explain the number of staff and their qualifications that will be necessary to successfully run the fish farm. Outline how they will be organized in terms of duties and responsibilities.
Step 6
Marketing plan. Illustrate how you plan to conduct your market research to identify how you will segment your market and how you plan to satisfy each market segment. Market segmentation entails identifying the different portions of the market that are different from one another in terms of lifestyle, income levels, location and spending habits. Explain the strategies that will be used in the sale and distribution of your fish to each market segment to satisfy their unique needs. Also include the strategies you will employ to effectively compete with your competitors in the market.
Step 7
Financial management. Identify the intended sources of capital for your fish farm and how you plan to use this capital in your venture. Outline how the profits will be used to enhance the fish farm and the measures that will be put in place to prevent or reduce losses. In this step you should also be able to show the projected cash flow statement, income statement and the balance sheet statement for the next 12 months.
Step 8
Conclusion Give your recommendations and conclusion in this section on the viability of the small scale fish farm.
source:http://smallbusiness.chron.com/write-feasibility-report-starting-small-scale-fish-farm-18254.html
Step 1
Introduction. The introduction part of the feasibility report should outline the importance and the advantages of small scale fish farming. Explain your project fully in this section. Outline briefly how the project will be rolled out, how you plan to benefit from the project and the processes that will be involved. Basically it is a summary of the small scale fish farming project.
Step 2
Description of the project. In this section, clearly outline the project's location, the environment surrounding it and the availability of the resources required to start a small scale fish farm. Highlight the project's mission and vision. Business goals and the objectives should also be included. Also include a brief history of the project and what motivated you to start the fish farm.
Step 3
Market description. Describe the type of industry you will be operating in, whether you will be selling your products as a wholesaler or a retailer. Identify your target market and how you plan to penetrate that market. Outline the marketing strategies you will employ to market your fish.
Step 4
Description of your products. Highlight different species of fish that you will be rearing. Describe how you selected those species. Explain the pricing of your products and the competitive edge your fish products have over other products in the market.
Step 5
Organization plan Outline the legal structure under which the small scale fish farm will operate, whether it will be a sole proprietorship, partnership or a limited liability company. Identify the type of permits and licenses that will be required for the project. Explain the number of staff and their qualifications that will be necessary to successfully run the fish farm. Outline how they will be organized in terms of duties and responsibilities.
Step 6
Marketing plan. Illustrate how you plan to conduct your market research to identify how you will segment your market and how you plan to satisfy each market segment. Market segmentation entails identifying the different portions of the market that are different from one another in terms of lifestyle, income levels, location and spending habits. Explain the strategies that will be used in the sale and distribution of your fish to each market segment to satisfy their unique needs. Also include the strategies you will employ to effectively compete with your competitors in the market.
Step 7
Financial management. Identify the intended sources of capital for your fish farm and how you plan to use this capital in your venture. Outline how the profits will be used to enhance the fish farm and the measures that will be put in place to prevent or reduce losses. In this step you should also be able to show the projected cash flow statement, income statement and the balance sheet statement for the next 12 months.
Step 8
Conclusion Give your recommendations and conclusion in this section on the viability of the small scale fish farm.
source:http://smallbusiness.chron.com/write-feasibility-report-starting-small-scale-fish-farm-18254.html
Sunday, August 14, 2011
Kolam ikan ditabur racun
Kolam ikan ditabur racun (sinar harian 14 ogos 2011)
JOHOL – Seorang penternak ikan talapia Taiwan atau lebih dikenali sebagai Taipan mengalami kerugian sebanyak RM200,000 apabila tujuh daripada 17 kolam ikan peliharaannya mati dipercayai diracun di kolam ikan Air Mawang, Isnin lalu.
Lim Kooi Eam, 53, berkata, kejadian itu disedari Selasa lalu selepas sejumlah ikan timbul di permukaan kolam.
Menurutnya, ketika itu, dia tidak perasan ikannya diracun sehinggalah pada Selasa, dia menaburkan makanan tetapi ikan tidak timbul dan apabila air dikocak, dia nampak banyak ikan sudah terapung.
“Saya sangat terkejut dan sedih apabila tujuh kolam ikan yang diusahakan sejak 2010 musnah sekelip mata.
“Saya sudah hilang semangat untuk meneruskan pengusahaan ikan ini kerana perlu menanggung kerugian,” katanya kepada Sinar Harian, di sini, semalam.
Kooi Eam berkata, kolam yang diusahakan itu mengeluarkan hasil pada tiga bulan lalu dan ternyata dapat menghasilkan keuntungan memberangsangkan.
“Ikan ini mendapat sambutan kerana isinya putih dan sedap dimakan. Kini saya memasarkannya di sekitar Negeri Sembilan dan Kuala Lumpur dengan harga RM8 hingga RM13 sekilogram.
“Penduduk juga gemar makan ikan ini dan ada juga yang beli ikan untuk dijual. Kadang-kadang mereka beli sehingga 50 kilogram hingga satu tan,” katanya.
Akibat kejadian itu, Lim berkata, penduduk membuat aduan kepadanya kerana timbul bau busuk dan lalat.
“Saya sangat kasihan pada mereka kerana terpaksa bau busuk setiap hari terutamanya pada waktu malam.
“Bagi menyelesaikan masalah itu, saya akan tanam ikan ini selain membakarnya. Ini sahaja yang boleh saya lakukan bagi mengelakkan bau busuk terus menghantui penduduk,” katanya yang mengajikan pekerja seramai enam orang.
Berikutan kejadian itu, Kooi Eam membuat laporan di Balai Polis Johol dan masih menunggu laporan pihak polis bagi siasatan selanjutnya.
“Saya berharap pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab dapat dibawa ke muka pengadilan kerana menyebabkan saya kerugian selain memusnahkan punca pendapatan saya selama ini.
“Buat masa ini, saya berharap penduduk dapat bersabar dan memberi sedikit masa untuk saya menyelesaikan masalah bau busuk dan lalat,” katanya.
JOHOL – Seorang penternak ikan talapia Taiwan atau lebih dikenali sebagai Taipan mengalami kerugian sebanyak RM200,000 apabila tujuh daripada 17 kolam ikan peliharaannya mati dipercayai diracun di kolam ikan Air Mawang, Isnin lalu.
Lim Kooi Eam, 53, berkata, kejadian itu disedari Selasa lalu selepas sejumlah ikan timbul di permukaan kolam.
Menurutnya, ketika itu, dia tidak perasan ikannya diracun sehinggalah pada Selasa, dia menaburkan makanan tetapi ikan tidak timbul dan apabila air dikocak, dia nampak banyak ikan sudah terapung.
“Saya sangat terkejut dan sedih apabila tujuh kolam ikan yang diusahakan sejak 2010 musnah sekelip mata.
“Saya sudah hilang semangat untuk meneruskan pengusahaan ikan ini kerana perlu menanggung kerugian,” katanya kepada Sinar Harian, di sini, semalam.
Kooi Eam berkata, kolam yang diusahakan itu mengeluarkan hasil pada tiga bulan lalu dan ternyata dapat menghasilkan keuntungan memberangsangkan.
“Ikan ini mendapat sambutan kerana isinya putih dan sedap dimakan. Kini saya memasarkannya di sekitar Negeri Sembilan dan Kuala Lumpur dengan harga RM8 hingga RM13 sekilogram.
“Penduduk juga gemar makan ikan ini dan ada juga yang beli ikan untuk dijual. Kadang-kadang mereka beli sehingga 50 kilogram hingga satu tan,” katanya.
Akibat kejadian itu, Lim berkata, penduduk membuat aduan kepadanya kerana timbul bau busuk dan lalat.
“Saya sangat kasihan pada mereka kerana terpaksa bau busuk setiap hari terutamanya pada waktu malam.
“Bagi menyelesaikan masalah itu, saya akan tanam ikan ini selain membakarnya. Ini sahaja yang boleh saya lakukan bagi mengelakkan bau busuk terus menghantui penduduk,” katanya yang mengajikan pekerja seramai enam orang.
Berikutan kejadian itu, Kooi Eam membuat laporan di Balai Polis Johol dan masih menunggu laporan pihak polis bagi siasatan selanjutnya.
“Saya berharap pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab dapat dibawa ke muka pengadilan kerana menyebabkan saya kerugian selain memusnahkan punca pendapatan saya selama ini.
“Buat masa ini, saya berharap penduduk dapat bersabar dan memberi sedikit masa untuk saya menyelesaikan masalah bau busuk dan lalat,” katanya.
Saturday, August 13, 2011
Drug Resistance in Food — Coming from Aquaculture?
In the midst of the giant Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak last week — now up to 107 cases in 31 states, and triggering a recall of 36 million pounds of ground turkey — it was easy to miss that a second and even more troubling strain of resistant Salmonella is on the move. As I wrote last week, that strain is called Salmonella Kentucky ST198, it is much more drug-resistant than the US Heidelberg outbreak, and it has been spreading since 2002 from Egypt and north Africa through Europe, and has now been identified in the United States. Its primary vector appears to be chicken meat.
There is an interesting and troubling aspect to the spreading Kentucky strain that there wasn’t time to talk about last week, in the midst of the Heidelberg news. It’s this: The authors suspect that this enhanced resistance — to Cipro, and thus the class called fluoroquinolones that are very important in treating Salmonella — may have come into African chickens via drug use in aquaculture.
The authors are especially concerned about farms that practice what’s called “integrated aquaculture,” in which chicken litter and manure are used to fertilize ponds in which fish are grown, and waste from the ponds is harvested and used as poultry feed.
They write in the Journal of Infectious Diseases:
How the ST198-X1 CIPR Kentucky clone entered in the poultry sector in various parts of Africa remains to be determined. This clone was found in at least 2 species of poultry (chicken and turkey). Furthermore, a preliminary investigation revealed that poultry industries of Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia used indigenous domestic fowl, arguing against the dissemination of a common contaminated poultry lineage throughout Africa…
Intensive aquaculture reliant on large amounts of antimicrobial agents may have played an initial role through the acquisition of the genomic island SGI1-K. Intensive pond aquaculture was introduced in Egypt in the mid-1990s, and today, Egypt is responsible for 80% of the farmed fish production on the African continent. The presence of an ISVch4 element from the aquatic environmental bacteria Vibrio cholerae in all the SGI1-Ks, -Ps, and -Qs variants harbored by the ST198-X1 CIPR clone points to the role of the aquatic ecosystem in the acquisition of the SGI1. Furthermore, SGI1 variants were reported for at least 2 other serotypes of Salmonella… The independent acquisition of SGI1 by these 3 distinct serotypes suggests that its transfer occurred repeatedly in a single geographic area.
Translating and expanding: The spread of this new resistance factor cannot have been because one vertical commercial breed of chicken was purchased by the widely separated farmers in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Morocco in whose chickens this resistance factor was found; they were all using local breeds. It is possible the resistance could have developed through the use of chicken feed laced with fluoroquinolones, which is sold in Africa. But the association between the resistance DNA and the waterborne bacterium V. cholerae suggests that fish farming played a role too, either through medicated fish feed, or because the cycling of chicken byproducts into the ponds and fish and then out again as aquaculture waste may have spread that DNA much more broadly.
This is speculative, but it is also dismaying, because integrated aquaculture is both very common — I’ve casually observed it, not really looking for it, in several countries in Southeast Asia — and also frequently recommended by food agencies as a way to produce a lot of protein in a sustainable manner with minimal drain on local ecologies. (Here’s just a few of the many manuals on it, stashed in the document repository of the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization.)
I can’t see any suggestion in those accumulated manuals that inserting antibiotics into the integrated cycle of fish and chicken farming could have unpredictable effects. But it happens that another set of authors have had the same idea, and have just published a warning in Applied and Environmental Microbiology regarding the use of antibiotic-laced feed in integrated pig and fish farms in Vietnam.
They used a small experimental farm near Hanoi built on the traditional model, called VAC for vuon, ao, chuong — garden, pond, pigpen — in which the pigsty is built on the dike-bank of the pond so that wastes drain directly into it. (Parenthetical: I once asked a farmer in central Vietnam how his ponds got so perfectly round. He said, with much more courtesy than I deserved, that it was because they were bomb craters, from what is called in Vietnamese “the American war.”)
Over a four-month period, the researchers fed the pigs first drug-free feed, then antibiotic-laced feed, then repeated the cycle. During each month, they checked the pigs’ manure and the pond’s sediment for the presence of resistance factors in E. coli and other gut bacteria. In the months when the pigs were receiving the antibiotic-laden feed, the researchers found significantly higher amounts of antimicrobial resistance in the manure and the pond. To confirm that the drug resistance was not coming from an outside source — runoff fro other farms, wildlife, birds — they typed the bacteria from the manure and the sediment, and found they matched.
And it turns out that this was not the first time a warning bell has been rung about about the use of antibiotics in integrated animal/fish farms. The lead author in the current paper recorded the same effect in chicken/fish farms in Thailand as far back as 2003. (That was an observation, however — which led them to set up the controlled experiment in the newly published one.)
I extract several lessons from these findings, all of them depressing.
The first is the revelation, new to me at least, that antibiotic overuse is not solely a problem in industrialized-world agriculture, but has spread into small-scale developing-world farming as well. (For many posts on why agricultural antibiotics are a problem, look here and here.) The second is the uncomfortable realization that even small-scale aquaculture can be as environmentally problematic as the giant open-water farms that Barry Estabrook has called “feedlots of the sea.”
And finally there is yet another reinforcement of something that regrettably has been proven repeatedly, dating back to Stuart Levy’s seminal paper in 1976. Once the resistance factors created by agricultural antibiotics get going, there is no way to predict where or how far they will spread — and that the only way to slow their dissemination, and the human health effects that result, is to control the drugs’ overuse to start.
Cites:
Le Hello, S et al. International Spread of an Epidemic Population of Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 Resistant to Ciprofloxacin. Journal of Infectious Diseases, ahead of print. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir409
Dang, ST et al. Impact of medicated feed on the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in integrated pig-fish farms in Vietnam. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, ahead of print. doi:10.1128/AEM.02975-10
See Also:
Resistant Salmonella: Deadly Yet Somehow Not Illegal
Highly Resistant Salmonella: Poultry, Antibiotics, Borders, Risk …
Salmon Killer Disease Mystery Solved
Is Drug Resistance in Humans Coming From Chickens?
Drug-Resistant Bacteria: To Humans From Farms via Food
There is an interesting and troubling aspect to the spreading Kentucky strain that there wasn’t time to talk about last week, in the midst of the Heidelberg news. It’s this: The authors suspect that this enhanced resistance — to Cipro, and thus the class called fluoroquinolones that are very important in treating Salmonella — may have come into African chickens via drug use in aquaculture.
The authors are especially concerned about farms that practice what’s called “integrated aquaculture,” in which chicken litter and manure are used to fertilize ponds in which fish are grown, and waste from the ponds is harvested and used as poultry feed.
They write in the Journal of Infectious Diseases:
How the ST198-X1 CIPR Kentucky clone entered in the poultry sector in various parts of Africa remains to be determined. This clone was found in at least 2 species of poultry (chicken and turkey). Furthermore, a preliminary investigation revealed that poultry industries of Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia used indigenous domestic fowl, arguing against the dissemination of a common contaminated poultry lineage throughout Africa…
Intensive aquaculture reliant on large amounts of antimicrobial agents may have played an initial role through the acquisition of the genomic island SGI1-K. Intensive pond aquaculture was introduced in Egypt in the mid-1990s, and today, Egypt is responsible for 80% of the farmed fish production on the African continent. The presence of an ISVch4 element from the aquatic environmental bacteria Vibrio cholerae in all the SGI1-Ks, -Ps, and -Qs variants harbored by the ST198-X1 CIPR clone points to the role of the aquatic ecosystem in the acquisition of the SGI1. Furthermore, SGI1 variants were reported for at least 2 other serotypes of Salmonella… The independent acquisition of SGI1 by these 3 distinct serotypes suggests that its transfer occurred repeatedly in a single geographic area.
Translating and expanding: The spread of this new resistance factor cannot have been because one vertical commercial breed of chicken was purchased by the widely separated farmers in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Morocco in whose chickens this resistance factor was found; they were all using local breeds. It is possible the resistance could have developed through the use of chicken feed laced with fluoroquinolones, which is sold in Africa. But the association between the resistance DNA and the waterborne bacterium V. cholerae suggests that fish farming played a role too, either through medicated fish feed, or because the cycling of chicken byproducts into the ponds and fish and then out again as aquaculture waste may have spread that DNA much more broadly.
This is speculative, but it is also dismaying, because integrated aquaculture is both very common — I’ve casually observed it, not really looking for it, in several countries in Southeast Asia — and also frequently recommended by food agencies as a way to produce a lot of protein in a sustainable manner with minimal drain on local ecologies. (Here’s just a few of the many manuals on it, stashed in the document repository of the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization.)
I can’t see any suggestion in those accumulated manuals that inserting antibiotics into the integrated cycle of fish and chicken farming could have unpredictable effects. But it happens that another set of authors have had the same idea, and have just published a warning in Applied and Environmental Microbiology regarding the use of antibiotic-laced feed in integrated pig and fish farms in Vietnam.
They used a small experimental farm near Hanoi built on the traditional model, called VAC for vuon, ao, chuong — garden, pond, pigpen — in which the pigsty is built on the dike-bank of the pond so that wastes drain directly into it. (Parenthetical: I once asked a farmer in central Vietnam how his ponds got so perfectly round. He said, with much more courtesy than I deserved, that it was because they were bomb craters, from what is called in Vietnamese “the American war.”)
Over a four-month period, the researchers fed the pigs first drug-free feed, then antibiotic-laced feed, then repeated the cycle. During each month, they checked the pigs’ manure and the pond’s sediment for the presence of resistance factors in E. coli and other gut bacteria. In the months when the pigs were receiving the antibiotic-laden feed, the researchers found significantly higher amounts of antimicrobial resistance in the manure and the pond. To confirm that the drug resistance was not coming from an outside source — runoff fro other farms, wildlife, birds — they typed the bacteria from the manure and the sediment, and found they matched.
And it turns out that this was not the first time a warning bell has been rung about about the use of antibiotics in integrated animal/fish farms. The lead author in the current paper recorded the same effect in chicken/fish farms in Thailand as far back as 2003. (That was an observation, however — which led them to set up the controlled experiment in the newly published one.)
I extract several lessons from these findings, all of them depressing.
The first is the revelation, new to me at least, that antibiotic overuse is not solely a problem in industrialized-world agriculture, but has spread into small-scale developing-world farming as well. (For many posts on why agricultural antibiotics are a problem, look here and here.) The second is the uncomfortable realization that even small-scale aquaculture can be as environmentally problematic as the giant open-water farms that Barry Estabrook has called “feedlots of the sea.”
And finally there is yet another reinforcement of something that regrettably has been proven repeatedly, dating back to Stuart Levy’s seminal paper in 1976. Once the resistance factors created by agricultural antibiotics get going, there is no way to predict where or how far they will spread — and that the only way to slow their dissemination, and the human health effects that result, is to control the drugs’ overuse to start.
Cites:
Le Hello, S et al. International Spread of an Epidemic Population of Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 Resistant to Ciprofloxacin. Journal of Infectious Diseases, ahead of print. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir409
Dang, ST et al. Impact of medicated feed on the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in integrated pig-fish farms in Vietnam. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, ahead of print. doi:10.1128/AEM.02975-10
See Also:
Resistant Salmonella: Deadly Yet Somehow Not Illegal
Highly Resistant Salmonella: Poultry, Antibiotics, Borders, Risk …
Salmon Killer Disease Mystery Solved
Is Drug Resistance in Humans Coming From Chickens?
Drug-Resistant Bacteria: To Humans From Farms via Food
Fishermen Reap From New Farming Method
Fishermen in Coast Province have enhanced fish stocks through creating community conservation enclosures.
The fishermen identify areas in coral reefs and close them to allow breeding and growing of fish.
Dr Nyawira Muthiga, a marine programme officer and conservation scientist with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), said the fishermen along the coastline have embraced the new method through the Beach Management Units (BMUs).
Several fishing groups have identified closures measuring between five and 50 hectares for breeding fish and conservation, she said.
Some BMUs at the Coast, however, still resist the creation of restricted fishing zones for fear of losing traditional fishing grounds despite falling fish stocks.
“The fishermen have established 13 closures and have restricted fishing to improve stocks. The concept was introduced following dwindling stocks,” she said.
The first community closure was established at Kuru Witu in North Coast in 2006 and has reportedly enhanced fish stock.
The Director of Fisheries Godfrey Monor said the Government was considering gazetting the closures, locally known as tengefu, to enhance fish conservation.
“The Government fully supports the idea of communities creating conservation areas because they have improved fish stocks. We are considering gazetting the conserved areas to enhance their protection,” Monor said.
The conservation closures are set to be put on Global Positioning System to improve monitoring.
Monor and Muthiga were addressing 120 fishermen from Kwale, Mombasa and Kilifi counties at an annual forum on fishing in Mombasa Thursday.
destroy environment
Coast Director of Fisheries Nicholas Ntheketha also addressed the meeting.
Muthiga said WCS has been conducting research on fisheries to ensure sustained fish stocks.
She said fishermen were also being sensitised on the use of proper fishing gear to improve the quality of catch and minimise environmental destruction.
“We have been working with fishermen to stop the use of beach seine fishing gear since the method catches fingerlings and destroys the environment,” she said.
She said fishermen were being educated on the use of gated fish traps that ensure only intended fish are caught.
By PATRICK BEJA, The Standard
http://in2eastafrica.net/fishermen-reap-from-new-farming-method/
The fishermen identify areas in coral reefs and close them to allow breeding and growing of fish.
Dr Nyawira Muthiga, a marine programme officer and conservation scientist with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), said the fishermen along the coastline have embraced the new method through the Beach Management Units (BMUs).
Several fishing groups have identified closures measuring between five and 50 hectares for breeding fish and conservation, she said.
Some BMUs at the Coast, however, still resist the creation of restricted fishing zones for fear of losing traditional fishing grounds despite falling fish stocks.
“The fishermen have established 13 closures and have restricted fishing to improve stocks. The concept was introduced following dwindling stocks,” she said.
The first community closure was established at Kuru Witu in North Coast in 2006 and has reportedly enhanced fish stock.
The Director of Fisheries Godfrey Monor said the Government was considering gazetting the closures, locally known as tengefu, to enhance fish conservation.
“The Government fully supports the idea of communities creating conservation areas because they have improved fish stocks. We are considering gazetting the conserved areas to enhance their protection,” Monor said.
The conservation closures are set to be put on Global Positioning System to improve monitoring.
Monor and Muthiga were addressing 120 fishermen from Kwale, Mombasa and Kilifi counties at an annual forum on fishing in Mombasa Thursday.
destroy environment
Coast Director of Fisheries Nicholas Ntheketha also addressed the meeting.
Muthiga said WCS has been conducting research on fisheries to ensure sustained fish stocks.
She said fishermen were also being sensitised on the use of proper fishing gear to improve the quality of catch and minimise environmental destruction.
“We have been working with fishermen to stop the use of beach seine fishing gear since the method catches fingerlings and destroys the environment,” she said.
She said fishermen were being educated on the use of gated fish traps that ensure only intended fish are caught.
By PATRICK BEJA, The Standard
http://in2eastafrica.net/fishermen-reap-from-new-farming-method/
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
E-coli perkara biasa di mana-mana
Pendedahan dari sebuah akhbar tabloid tempatan tentang pencemaran air di tasik kenyir oleh bakteria E-coli pada tahap membimbangkan tiba-tiba menjadi perbualan hangat disekeliing penulis..
penulis juga terkejut dan bimbang sejauh mana tahap pencemaran oleh bakteria e coli itu blaku di tasik kenyir kerana penulis juga terlibat secara langsung dengan ternakan ikan dalam sangkar di kawasan ZIA di tasik kenyir tersebut..
namun setelah pembacaan dari akhbar terbabit, dan tindakan dari pihak berwajib, ternyata artikel yg dikeluarkan pihak akhbar terbabit amat tidak tepat, bercanggah dan seolah2 cubaan mensabotaj ramai pihak yang bergantung hidup dengan mencari rezeki di Tasik Kenyir ini..
memang tidak dinafikan wujud bakteria e coli ini di tasik kenyir..malah, dimana-mana sumber air semulajadi terutamanya di kawasan berpenduduk (tetap atau pelawat) mempunyai potensi besar kehadiran bakteria e coli ini..bergantung pada tahap kebersihan dan kesihatan penduduk dan alam sekitar kawasan terbabit..
setakat hari ini, pihak penulis sendiri, tiada apa2 yg patut dibimbangkan malah langsung tiada langsung maslh kesihatan terutama dari dari pihak penulis n seluruh tenaga kerja bersama penulis yg dilaporkan akibat dari e coli ini.
cuma komen penulis, pendedahan akhbar berkenaan adalah sangat tidak tepat malah memburukkan nama agensi berkaitan dengan mengubah fakta sebenar dan langsung tidak tepat.
Wednesday, March 24, 2010
India to increase export of ornamental fish
India to increase export of ornamental fish
Article From infofish.org (11/2/2010)
India’s first export-oriented ornamental fish park recently started its operation near Kochi on a 10 acre land, which has been conceived to transform the country’s role in aquaculture industry. Despite being blessed with rich resources, export of ornamental fish is still relatively small. India has a mere share of 0.01% in the global market of ornamental fish, which is estimated to be worth around US$6 billion.To increase ornamental fish export, the government of Kerala came up with a unique project called ‘Aqua Technology Park’ which incorporated various stakeholders on a public-private partnership and also involved hundreds of locals in setting up homestead aquariums for earning their livelihood. The government has also formed a company Kerala Aqua Ventures International Ltd. (KAVIL) with public-private participation to establish this park, which would provide the stakeholders a unique opportunity for investment and trade in the sector.The first of its kind concept in India to popularize the aquaculture industry, the project would not only generate employment, but would also help in maintaining a socio-economic status of the local people.Authorities said that while the main units will have common facilities such as water, electricity, laboratory and quarantine facilities, the satellite farms will be the major production centres, where much of the ornamental fish will be reared and propagated. At present Indian ornamental fishes are exported to the US, Europe, Russia and Japan and the company has already procured orders from France, Italy, Korea and Hong Kong. With this endeavour, the authorities hope to capture a 10% share in the world market within a period of seven to eight years.
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Article From infofish.org (11/2/2010)
India’s first export-oriented ornamental fish park recently started its operation near Kochi on a 10 acre land, which has been conceived to transform the country’s role in aquaculture industry. Despite being blessed with rich resources, export of ornamental fish is still relatively small. India has a mere share of 0.01% in the global market of ornamental fish, which is estimated to be worth around US$6 billion.To increase ornamental fish export, the government of Kerala came up with a unique project called ‘Aqua Technology Park’ which incorporated various stakeholders on a public-private partnership and also involved hundreds of locals in setting up homestead aquariums for earning their livelihood. The government has also formed a company Kerala Aqua Ventures International Ltd. (KAVIL) with public-private participation to establish this park, which would provide the stakeholders a unique opportunity for investment and trade in the sector.The first of its kind concept in India to popularize the aquaculture industry, the project would not only generate employment, but would also help in maintaining a socio-economic status of the local people.Authorities said that while the main units will have common facilities such as water, electricity, laboratory and quarantine facilities, the satellite farms will be the major production centres, where much of the ornamental fish will be reared and propagated. At present Indian ornamental fishes are exported to the US, Europe, Russia and Japan and the company has already procured orders from France, Italy, Korea and Hong Kong. With this endeavour, the authorities hope to capture a 10% share in the world market within a period of seven to eight years.
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Petang td tergerak hati nak layari laman web infofish yang dh lama xlawat..ada byk dh perubahan kat website tu..byk berita2 terkini yang berlaku kat seluruh dunia yang menceritakan perihal industri perikanan dan akuakultur ni..insyaAllah..saya akan cuba utk mengambil beberapa artikel dari semasa ke semasa dan memberi ulasan pro n kontra..mudh2n kita semua dapat berkongsi pelbagai maklumat dan ilmu darinya..
sebagai yang pertama, saya tertarik utk berkongsi artikel di atas yang menceritakan bagaimana India memajukan industri akuakultur ikan hiasan yang berjaya menembusi pasaran antarabangsa..
Kerala sangat dikenali warga tempatan sebagai salah satu destinasi yang terkenal dengan produk perikanan main di India. berdasarkan kaliber tersebut, Kerala dipilih sebagai lokasi utk dibangunkan sebuah pusat teknologi akua (ATP) yang berasaskan penglibatan orang awam dan syarikat swasta. dengan penubuhan dan perlantikan sebuah syarikat, KAVIL, telah membuka peluang pelaburan dan perniagaan yang unik kepada mereka yang berminat.
objektif penubuhan ATP ini dengan menyediakan fasiliti lengkap bagi pengusaha dan syarikat yang berminat utk terlibat dalam perusahaan ikan hiasan ini yang akan memberi peluang pemasaran yang diiktiraf dengan misi utk mencapai tahap pengeluaran 10% pasaran dunia menjelang 2015. projek ini mampu utk menjana peluang pekerjaan sehingga 10ribu jawatan yang pelbagai dan tukaran wang asing sehingga rs 300 craore.
program sebegini membuka satu lagi peluang bukan sahaja kepada masyarakat utk terlibat secara aktif malah meletakkan India sebagai salah satu kuasa pengeluar dalam industri akuakultur ini..perkara sebegini harus kita lihat secara positif dimana Malaysia telah lama bertapak dan pernah tergolong antara pengeluar utama dunia. walaubagaimanapun, perkembangan perikanan negara tidak banyak meningkat berbanding negara jiran seperti indonesia, filipina, thailand dan vietnam yang meningkat dengan begitu pesat malah mencipta kepelbagaian baik dari segi teknologi, sistem ternakan, pemakanan ternakan dan pelbagai lagi cara semata-mata untuk meningkatkan produktiviti mereka ke tahap maksimum..
untuk berjaya tidak mudah..bukan sahaja dlam bidang akuakultur ini..malah setiap pekerjaan yang baik itu ada ujian disebaliknya utk menentukan pengusahanya benar2 berjaya..malah, kejayaan yang datang dari titik peluh sendiri, usaha yang berterusan, perancangan yang baik, dan dgn niat yang ikhlas pasti akan membawa kita kepada kejayaan..perniagaan adalah cabang terbesar bagi pintu rezki..negara kita juga penuh dgn sumber yang boleh kita ceburi..industri akuakultur perlu berkembang dan membuka peluang kepada kita semua untuk terjun ke bidang ini..
sebagai yang pertama, saya tertarik utk berkongsi artikel di atas yang menceritakan bagaimana India memajukan industri akuakultur ikan hiasan yang berjaya menembusi pasaran antarabangsa..
Kerala sangat dikenali warga tempatan sebagai salah satu destinasi yang terkenal dengan produk perikanan main di India. berdasarkan kaliber tersebut, Kerala dipilih sebagai lokasi utk dibangunkan sebuah pusat teknologi akua (ATP) yang berasaskan penglibatan orang awam dan syarikat swasta. dengan penubuhan dan perlantikan sebuah syarikat, KAVIL, telah membuka peluang pelaburan dan perniagaan yang unik kepada mereka yang berminat.
objektif penubuhan ATP ini dengan menyediakan fasiliti lengkap bagi pengusaha dan syarikat yang berminat utk terlibat dalam perusahaan ikan hiasan ini yang akan memberi peluang pemasaran yang diiktiraf dengan misi utk mencapai tahap pengeluaran 10% pasaran dunia menjelang 2015. projek ini mampu utk menjana peluang pekerjaan sehingga 10ribu jawatan yang pelbagai dan tukaran wang asing sehingga rs 300 craore.
program sebegini membuka satu lagi peluang bukan sahaja kepada masyarakat utk terlibat secara aktif malah meletakkan India sebagai salah satu kuasa pengeluar dalam industri akuakultur ini..perkara sebegini harus kita lihat secara positif dimana Malaysia telah lama bertapak dan pernah tergolong antara pengeluar utama dunia. walaubagaimanapun, perkembangan perikanan negara tidak banyak meningkat berbanding negara jiran seperti indonesia, filipina, thailand dan vietnam yang meningkat dengan begitu pesat malah mencipta kepelbagaian baik dari segi teknologi, sistem ternakan, pemakanan ternakan dan pelbagai lagi cara semata-mata untuk meningkatkan produktiviti mereka ke tahap maksimum..
untuk berjaya tidak mudah..bukan sahaja dlam bidang akuakultur ini..malah setiap pekerjaan yang baik itu ada ujian disebaliknya utk menentukan pengusahanya benar2 berjaya..malah, kejayaan yang datang dari titik peluh sendiri, usaha yang berterusan, perancangan yang baik, dan dgn niat yang ikhlas pasti akan membawa kita kepada kejayaan..perniagaan adalah cabang terbesar bagi pintu rezki..negara kita juga penuh dgn sumber yang boleh kita ceburi..industri akuakultur perlu berkembang dan membuka peluang kepada kita semua untuk terjun ke bidang ini..
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